2010/01/19

The Sultan's Palace - Jogjakarta



Environmental court in Yogyakarta is known there are several kinds of heritage, including: weapons including a spear, kris, regalia, ampilan, banners, gamelan and train. Heritage-called heirloom Dalem Kagungan it usually has a name, and has an honorary degree as Kangjeng Kyai or Kangjeng Nyai, Kyai Ageng Kangjeng even heirloom that is believed to have magical powers most. Heritage palace is believed to be sacred, and to have supernatural powers. Some of the heritage bequeathed the palace were hereditary, and some even came from Demak kingdom. Heritage also acts as a means of supporting the royal tradition of ceremony / ruler.

Heritage objects are usually intensively cleaned once a year in the month of Sura in the Javanese calendar. There are heirloom cleaned only by the Emperor himself to take place in the inner palace. Heritage which fall into this category include Plered Kangjeng Kyai Ageng. There is cleaned by the Sultan brothers, and there is cleaned up by the courtiers. There are heirloom in place cleaned up her privacy, but there are also cleaned up in an open place visited by many people, such as royal carriages. Indeed, there are some audiences who tried to get the train wash water, with the hope of getting blessings from former flower water or detergent heritage objects are considered sacred palace that.

Some heritage palace of Yogyakarta are: 

Keris

Among the heirloom kris-kris Yogyakarta palace who occupied the most important is Kyai Ageng kangjeng kopeks. This keris should only be worn by the sultan himself, his role as a symbol of spiritual and temporal leader. According to tradition this keris is made in the kingdom of Demak and once owned by Sunan Kalijaga. In addition there Joko Kyai kris Piturun Kangjeng only be worn by the crown prince, was Kangjeng Kyai keris Toyatinaban is imposed by Gusti Harya Hangabehi Prince, eldest son of the Sultan. Keris Kangjeng Kyai Purboniat only be worn by the meek Danureja.


Keris : Components, Prestige and Functions  

Since the 19th century AD until the Islamic kingdoms in Java keris continued existence, even today still be found making the keris in some places. Based on the observations of the keris is still done by the 'master' now obtained evidence that the technique - wrought-folding technique to the special characteristics of keris. In engineering-fold wrought iron and forged pamornya later united to become one, then folded and hammered again, and so on.

A keris has ricikan consisting of: 

a) Pesi, a kind of root, round bar, about 7-8 cm long, made of iron to plugged into the carvings (keris handles);

b) Marijuana, keris stand located at the base of the blade. There are two types of cannabis marijuana and cannabis iras aftershocks. Marijuana called marijuana iras if it is a continuation of the blade, while the so-called follow-up is the cannabis marijuana removable;

c) Wilah, the body keris from the border until the end tajaman marijuana kris (shoots or kudhup). Kris shoots something called: kudhup nyujen, shoots a very sharp; kudhup grain hollow, such as grain shape; kudhup Tum tails, shaped like the tail end of fleas; kudhup gambier flowers, buds are not too sharp, but sharp.



Pamor known from meteorites that fell to earth. In Java, noted that during the reign of Paku Buwana susuhunan IV found a lump of meteors that fell to earth, which is about the year 1723 or year 1801 A M. Meteor that fell in the vicinity of Prambanan Surakarta area measured about 50 cm high and 80 cm in diameter. The object until now kept in the palace of Surakarta as one of the palace heritage objects, and is called "Kyai Kanjeng Pamor" is used in the manufacture of the keris from Buwana IV susuhunan Paku Paku Buwana to susuhunan XI (1939-1945). Metallurgical studies of meteors using a spectrophotometer showed that in Kanjeng Kyai Pamor elements nickel, titanium, iron, lead and tin, or approximately 94% of the elements iron and nickel 5%.

There are several types of meteors are: (1) meteorite, containing iron and nickel, if beaten in the keris into gray; (2) siderit, only contains iron, if beaten in the keris to be 'prestige ireng' (black color), and (3) aerolit, if beaten in kris's not obvious, is called 'prestige jalada'.

Seen from the process, kris fame can be divided into two, namely (1) Jwalana prestige, fame happens by itself due to the master's skill, style and variety of naturally occurring hiasnya. Examples are Jwalana fame: fame Mega Mendhung, Urap-Urap fame and prestige Ngulit Watermelon; (2) Anukarta prestige, the fame made a deliberate, planned by the master. For example: pamor Blarak Ngirid, pamor Kenanga Ginubah, pamor Wiji Cucumbers, fame and prestige Untu Walang and Udan mas.

Usefulness to society Javanese kris variety. At first the keris is a weapon stabbed in a fight or battle. In this case was brought as a carpenter's kris bold. But in its development, the keris is no longer functioning as a weapon, but as tosan aji, artifacts master's manufacturer. As the concept of mix 'father akasa - the motherland' keris is believed to carry magical powers that can bepengaruh for the owner. Finally, the keris is part of Javanese culture as one of the completeness of Javanese life depicted in the concept: the homestead (house), garwa (wife), Turangga (horse), Kukila (birds) and suspect (keris weapon). (Arising Haryono).


Spear 

In the Sultan's Palace is known to have a lot of spear spear form the eyes varies. There is a three-pronged, some are like kudi, nothing like chakra, and there is a conventional form. Among the heritage spears kagungan palace is considered special Kangjeng Plered Kyai Ageng. Spear is already in the environment-Islamic Mataram palace since the reign Panembahan Senopati.

Ampilan 

This term is used to refer to objects that accompanied the sultan brought the royal ceremonies. Ampilan that as a union called Dalem Ampilan Kangjeng consists of: dhampar golden (the throne), arrows with a bow, a sword with a shield, lar badhak (sort of a big fan of peacock feathers), the Qur'an, prayer rugs, umbrellas and tobak greatness. For the royal ceremony Kyai kangjeng Ampilan brought by six female courtiers who had not got my period.

Regalia

This term is used to refer to objects that symbolize the heritage properties that should have led the sultan in the country and its people. Regalia as a whole is called Kyai Kangjeng ceremony consisting of: a lot of (geese) symbolizes honesty and vigilance, dhalang (deer) represents intelligence and agility, sawung (rooster) represents manhood and responsibility, galing (peacock) symbolize the majesty and beauty , hardawalika (dragon) represents the power, curses (money box) represents generosity, mas handkerchief (hanky box) represents purity, kandhil (oil lamps) symbolizes enlightenment, cepuri (where the betel nut), wadhah process (the cigarette), kecohan (the saliva). Three last things that symbolize the process of decision making. Ceremony Kyai kangjeng made of gold when used to accompany the sovereign in the royal ceremony was taken by 10 virgins.

 
Panji-Panji

Sultan's Palace has intangible heritage banners called Kyai Tunggul Kangjeng Wulung, because the color wulung, which is dark blue. Mentioned fabric for this banner is a piece of kiswah Kaaba. In the middle of the Arabic script contains quotation Al Kautsar, Asma'ul Husna, and Creed. Formerly when an epidemic disease, the Kyai Tunggul Wulung Kangjeng issued from the palace and carried in a procession around the city accompanied by prayer, and in particular the intersection-intersection called adzan. The point is to beg a cure for all people affected by the epidemic.

Gamelan 

There are 18 heirloom gamelan in Yogyakarta palace, so each device has particularly honorific. Among the devices the orchestra there are three of the oldest old, ie: Kangjeng Kyai Gunturlaut, Kyai Kangjeng Maesaganggang, and Kangjeng Gunturmadu Kyai Kyai. According to Kyai Gunturlaut Kangjeng tradition comes from the Majapahit kingdom passed from generation to generation through the Sultanate of Demak, Pajang, Mataram Islam and eventually to Yogyakarta. The Kyai Kangjeng Gunturmadu is one of the two sets of gamelan Sekati. One other devices, namely Kyai Nagawilaga Kangjeng made in the reign of Sultan Hamengku Buwana I. Gamelan Sekati that the ceremony is carried out Sekaten palace and then placed in the courtyard of the mosque Pagongan and sounded great starting August 6 until the date 11 months or until the expiration Maulud Sekaten ceremony. Other treasures include gamelan is: Kangjeng Kyai Guntur Laut, Kangjeng Kyai Keboganggang, Kangjeng Kyai Surak, Kyai kangjeng Kancil Belik, Kangjeng Kyai Kyai Guntursari and Kangjeng Bremara.

Saddle horse 

Sultan's Palace in the environment is the heritage of the saddle horse named Kyai Kangjeng Cekathak. If included in the procession, Kyai Cekathak Kangjeng mounted on horseback, but no rider.


Manuscript 

House Widya Budaya, Yogyakarta Sultan Palace library, saved two manuscripts belonging to the heritage palace. Both texts are Kangjeng Qur'an and Kyai Kyai Kangjeng Bharatayuda. There were other sacred texts of Kyai Suryaraja Kangjeng stored in Prabayeksa. The scrolls were written in beautiful handwriting, and decorated with various ornamental plants and geometric diterakan with watercolor and prada.

 
Enceh

Enceh or kong is a large Stoneware jug placed in the tomb of Sultan Agung pages in Imogiri. There are four enceh in place, each given a name: Nyai Siyem, Kyai Mendhung, Kyai Danumaya and Nyai Danumurti. Once a year, which is in Sura, four jars of water in the drained, replaced with new water.

Train Empire 

Kraton Yogyakarta Sultanate and the Duchy of Paku Alaman have trains now saved to the train museum Ratawijayan Sultanate, and in the museum Pura Paku Alaman to train Alamans nails. The museum is Ratawijayan former carriage garage and workshop palace, while the surrounding buildings were first gedhogan or stables. In this museum is now saved about 20 trains. As for the museum Paku Alaman there were four trains originating government darimasa Paku Alam I or around the year 1812-1829.

As an example will be presented some royal train stored in the museum Ratawijayan Yogyakarta palace is: 

Nyai kangjeng amulets   

The train, which is the oldest royal train in Yogyakarta was built in the Netherlands as a gift from the Governor-General Jacob Mossel to Sultan Hamengku Buwana I. This train used actively until the time of Sultan Hamengku Buwana III, and serves to collect or Garebeg attend. If this train is pulled by eight or four horses are the same color. The train is named Nyai for feet under the ground there is a statue of a woman driver. In addition to the kangjeng Nyai diterakan amulets are also many ornaments. As the royal train at the back there is a place for penongsong, the royal umbrella carriers petuigas. It is interesting to note that the size of the front wheel center line and the rear wheels are not the same.


Train Kangjeng Kyai Garudayaksa   

This train is made in the train manufacturer Co. Hermansen. in the Netherlands in 1867, and used oversized As with trains since the reign of Sultan Hamengku Buwana VI until now. This train is only used by the sultan for the procession, or going to the governor's residence to celebrate the Dutch queen's birthday, or a grand welcoming. Kangjeng cart pullers animals Kyai Garudayaksa is eight horses. Many ornaments are on this train diterakan example of European-style crown, statue of mythical animals, and flora. In addition to penongsong place, the train is also equipped with four lights.


Kyai Manik Retno Train   

These trains include an open wagon type that is used to cruise the sultan, made in the Netherlands at the time of Hamengku Buwana IV. In the ride, the sovereign control of their own carts this horse. The seat on this train there are two, one for the passenger train controllers concurrently, one for penongsong.


Train Kyai Wimono Putro   

Trains made Semarang Barendse factory during the reign of this VI Buwana Hamengku drawn by six horses, and decorated with four crystal chandeliers. The train was once used as a vehicle in the Crown Prince attended the official ceremony of the kingdom.


Train Kyai Jongwiyat

This train carriage is made by the factory Hermansen Co. ML. The Hague, the Dutch the order of Sultan Hamengku Buwanan VII in 1880. This type of open carriage and four wheels, and drawn by four horses. This train used to serve as a vehicle commander of soldiers.


Average Kyai train Pralaya

This train is made in Yogyakarta at the time Rotowijayan Buwana Hamengku VIII in 1938. Kyai Average Pralaya which serves as the hearse for the sultan or the sons and daughters are painted white. When used for the king's body mengangkaut train pulled by eight horses, whereas when to transport the corpse son or daughter of the sultan a total of four horses tail pullers.


Train Kyai Jatayu

Trains are made in Rotowijayan Yogyakarta during the year 1880 HB VIII was drawn by four horses. Function as a vehicle formerly Crown Prince while attending events that are not too formal.

The train is in museums Pura Pakualaman among others: 


Train Kyai Manik Kumolo

This train is made in the factory Muers F train, London, in the year 1812 (the Paku Alam I), and then presented by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, the Paku Alam I. In the era train Kyai Kumolo beads used to attend the official ceremonies. The animals pullers are six horses. Like the royal carriages others, this train is also equipped with a place to penongsong behind.


Train Rara Kumenyar  

This train has a total length of 3.8 m and height 1.9 m. train arched, supplemented by seven windows and pulled by four horses. This train has two facing seats and is usually used to attend the official ceremony.

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